Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a small French archipelago in the North Atlantic, about 25 km off the south coast of Newfoundland, with a population estimated at 5,925 in 2020. It is part of the French Republic but has its own statute as an overseas collectivity, including its own tax code. Gambling there follows the French model: a general prohibition with defined exceptions. La Française des Jeux (FDJ), the French lottery operator, sells its games in the archipelago under a convention with the local authority, and its online platform is open to residents. There is no casino, and online casino games are not authorised anywhere in France. This guide explains how the French framework applies to the islands, where the position is unclear, and what it means for players.
Key points
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon has been an overseas collectivity under Article 74 of the French Constitution since 2003. Its current statute was set by Organic Law No. 2007-223 of 21 February 2007.
- FDJ lottery games are sold in licensed points of sale in the archipelago under a convention signed on 29 November 1994 by the territorial collectivity and FDJ. FDJ’s online offer is open to residents aged 18 or over.
- The Autorité nationale des jeux (ANJ), the French gambling regulator, approves the FDJ game rules that apply in the archipelago. Online casino games, including online slots, are not permitted on the French market.
- No casino operates in the archipelago, according to a June 2026 overview of overseas casinos.
- The collectivity sets its own taxes. We found no published local rule on gambling taxation or on the tax treatment of winnings.
Last reviewed: 13 October 2026.
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Historical development
The Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador project, run by Memorial University of Newfoundland, traces the islands’ modern history as a French possession from 1816. The best-known episode in their economic history is unrelated to gambling. According to the same source, US Prohibition (1920 to 1933) turned Saint-Pierre into a transit point for Canadian liquor bound for the United States. The boom ended with the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. We found no reliable record of a licensed casino in the archipelago during that period or since.
The islands’ constitutional status has changed several times. The French overseas monetary institute IEDOM, in its Panorama de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (September 2023), summarises the sequence:
- 1946 to 1976: overseas territory;
- 1976 to 1985: overseas department, the same status as Guadeloupe or Réunion;
- 1985 to 2003: a sui generis territorial collectivity;
- since 2003: an overseas collectivity governed by Article 74 of the Constitution, with a statute set by the organic law of 21 February 2007.
The 1985 change matters for gambling. FDJ’s presence in the archipelago does not rest on the general French rules alone. It rests on a separate convention signed with the local authority on 29 November 1994, during the sui generis period. That convention, and its later amendments, are still cited in the FDJ game rules approved by the ANJ in 2024 (see below).
Legal framework
Status and division of powers
An Article 74 collectivity is part of France, but its statute decides which national laws apply and which matters the local authority controls. A Senate committee report of November 2017 (Avis n° 114 (2017-2018), tome III) explains that the collectivity exercises the powers of both a department and a region, with exceptions listed in Article LO 6414-1 of the General Code of Local Authorities (Code général des collectivités territoriales, CGCT). It also holds its own powers over taxation, the customs regime, town planning, construction and housing. The elected body is the territorial council of 19 members: 15 for Saint-Pierre and 4 for Miquelon-Langlade.
Gambling is not among the matters the Senate report lists as transferred to the collectivity. Public order, criminal law and the regulation of gambling therefore remain, in principle, national competences. Légifrance could not be reached for this review. An unofficial reproduction of Article LO 6414-1 that we consulted lists taxes, customs, town planning, construction and housing among the collectivity’s own powers and does not mention gambling or casinos. We found no official statement setting out exactly how the national gambling provisions are extended to the archipelago. Readers who need certainty on a specific point should check the consolidated texts on Légifrance or ask the prefecture.
The national gambling rules
French gambling law starts from a general ban on games of chance for money, set out in the Internal Security Code (Code de la sécurité intérieure, CSI), Book III, Title II (Articles L320-1 and following). Exceptions cover the FDJ lottery monopoly, off-course horse-race betting by the PMU (Pari mutuel urbain), authorised casinos and, since Law No. 2010-476 of 12 May 2010, licensed online sports betting, horse-race betting and poker. Ordinance No. 2019-1015 of 2 October 2019 reformed the regulatory structure and created the ANJ. ANJ decisions cite these texts as their legal basis, including Title II of Book III of the CSI and Article 34 of the 2010 law. The consolidated statutes on Légifrance could not be reached for this review, so this summary relies on the regulator’s own texts.
The ANJ’s overview of game categories and distribution channels sums up the result. Lotteries are an FDJ monopoly, both in retail outlets and online. FDJ also holds the monopoly on sports betting in retail outlets, and PMU holds the monopoly on horse-race betting in retail outlets. Online sports betting, horse-race betting and poker are open to licensed operators. The regulator states plainly: “Les jeux de casinos et en particulier les machines à sous en ligne ne sont pas autorisés sur le marché français” (casino games, and online slot machines in particular, are not authorised on the French market).
Status outside the European Union
Saint Pierre and Miquelon is not part of the EU. IEDOM’s panorama notes that it is an overseas country and territory (OCT) associated with the Union, and is not directly subject to EU law. EU rules such as the freedom to provide services, which underpin much of the European case law on national gambling monopolies, therefore do not apply there directly, unlike in the French overseas departments.
Regulator and licensing model
The Autorité nationale des jeux is an independent administrative authority created by the 2019 ordinance and set up in June 2020. Its remit covers the whole gambling sector: operators holding exclusive rights (FDJ and PMU) and licensed online operators. It approves the rules of games offered by the monopoly operators, licenses online operators, and can refer breaches to a sanctions committee. According to the ANJ, that committee can impose fines of up to 5% of turnover.
The model that applies in the archipelago can be described as a monopoly with limited exceptions, in practice reduced to the lottery. The three channels are set out below.
| Channel | Position in Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FDJ lottery games in retail outlets | Available in FDJ-approved points of sale under the 1994 convention with the collectivity | ANJ Decision 2024-PR-109 |
| FDJ online games (fdj.fr and app) | Open to residents aged 18 or over; Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is listed among the eligible territories | ANJ Decision 2024-PR-175 |
| PMU horse-race betting | Not verified; PMU’s general terms do not mention the archipelago | ANJ Decision 2025-PR-001 |
| Casinos | None in operation (2026) | Outremers 360 |
FDJ
The FDJ rules for Loto, approved by ANJ Decision No. 2024-PR-109 of 25 July 2024, apply to players in FDJ’s approved points of sale in metropolitan France, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin “et de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon”, in Monaco, and on FDJ’s website and app. For Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the rules refer to “la convention signée le 29 novembre 1994 par la collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon et La Française des Jeux et de ses avenants”. French Polynesia, by contrast, has its own separate rules. The general rules for FDJ’s online offer, approved by Decision No. 2024-PR-175 of 21 November 2024, allow access from the listed territories, including Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Accounts are reserved for individuals aged 18 or over who reside in one of those territories and can prove their address.
The text of the 1994 convention is not published, so its financial terms, including any share of revenue paid to the collectivity, could not be verified. IEDOM’s 2021 annual report confirms that FDJ has a formal place in the local system: imports needed to run its games appear among the exemptions in the local customs code.
PMU and casinos
We found no official document confirming that PMU sells horse-race bets in the archipelago. Its general terms, approved by ANJ Decision No. 2025-PR-001 of 8 January 2025, do not mention Saint Pierre and Miquelon. They limit SMS betting to mainland France and Viber betting to mainland France and the overseas departments. Readers should not assume PMU products are available locally.
No casino operates. A June 2026 Outremers 360 overview of overseas casinos counts ten: two in Guadeloupe, two in Martinique, three in Réunion and three in New Caledonia, with one due to open in French Guiana in September 2026. It states: “Il n’y a pas de casinos à Saint-Barthélemy, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, Mayotte et Wallis et Futuna.” Who could authorise a casino in the archipelago is unclear. In January 2007, during the debate on the organic law, the archipelago’s deputy tabled an amendment whose explanatory note asserted that the territorial council enjoyed autonomy in granting casino authorisations. The amendment would also have allowed games of chance to be offered online from the territory. That assertion is the author’s own and we could not confirm it in any current legal text: the Assembly record does not show the amendment was adopted, and neither the 2017 Senate report nor the reproduction of Article LO 6414-1 we consulted mentions casinos. We also found no power to license online gambling in the archipelago’s current statute. Whether a casino could now be authorised, and by whom, could not be confirmed from the current consolidated texts.
Online gambling: what is permitted and how it is enforced
For residents, lawful online gambling consists of FDJ’s online lottery and instant games on its website and app. These are confirmed by the ANJ-approved rules described above. Online sports betting, horse-race betting and poker are open to operators licensed by the ANJ, whose list of licensed operators is the reference. Their general terms usually require players to live in France. Whether a given licensed operator accepts customers in the archipelago is a commercial decision, and we could not verify the position for each one. Online casino games are not authorised for any operator.
Enforcement against unlicensed sites is administrative. Since the law of 2 March 2022, the ANJ’s president can order internet service providers to block, and search engines to delist, illegal gambling sites after a formal notice to the operator. The ANJ’s page on fighting the illegal offer reports that in 2024 the president sent 232 blocking and delisting orders covering 1,337 URLs, 910 of them “mirror” sites that copy a blocked site at a new address. The same page notes that the most-visited illegal sites mainly offer games such as roulette, blackjack, video poker and slot machines, which are “interdits en ligne en France”. The ANJ also publishes a blacklist of blocked sites. It warns that a site’s absence from the list does not mean it is authorised.
We found no ANJ statement on whether its blocking orders are served on internet service providers in the overseas collectivities, so the reach of blocking in the archipelago could not be verified.
Canada next door
Because of its location, the archipelago is often compared with Atlantic Canada. Gambling in Newfoundland and Labrador falls under Canadian and provincial law, not French law. We found no official source showing that Canadian provincial lottery products are sold in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Residents who travel to Newfoundland and gamble there are subject to the rules that apply in that province. French law does not extend the ANJ’s protections, such as self-exclusion, to Canadian gambling products.
Position of players
The ANJ’s public guidance on illegal offers and its blacklist target operators, intermediaries and payment providers. Neither describes any penalty for players who use unlicensed sites, and we found no record of a player being prosecuted, in the archipelago or in France generally. That is not the same as approval. The ANJ lists the risks of playing on illegal sites: non-payment of winnings, scams, theft of personal data, payment fraud and the “absence de protection légale en cas de litige” (no legal protection in a dispute). It also cites a 2023 study estimating that between 3 and 4 million online players in France had used illegal offers in the previous 12 months.
For residents, the practical conclusion is simple. The only online gambling that official sources confirm as lawful and available is FDJ’s offer, plus any licensed online betting or poker operator that accepts residents. Online casino play is outside the legal market in all cases.
Taxation
Operators
In mainland France, FDJ, PMU, licensed online operators and casinos pay specific levies on stakes or gross gaming revenue (GGR), meaning stakes minus winnings paid out. Saint Pierre and Miquelon, however, has its own tax system. IEDOM’s 2021 annual report explains that a local tax code (Code local des impôts) sets the rules for direct taxes and similar levies, and that the archipelago has no indirect consumption tax such as VAT. The Senate report cited above confirms that taxation is a local competence. We found no provision of the local tax code or deliberation of the territorial council that taxes gambling. We also could not establish whether national gambling levies apply to stakes placed in the archipelago. The revenue arrangements in the 1994 FDJ convention are not public.
Players
We found no official statement on how lottery or betting winnings are treated under the local income tax rules. Anyone with a significant win, or who is unsure of their tax position, should ask the collectivity’s tax services.
Consumer protection and responsible gambling
Under the FDJ rules approved by the ANJ, minors, even if emancipated, may not take part in games of chance for money, and a minor cannot be a winner. Online accounts require identity and address checks.
The main national tool is the voluntary gambling ban (interdiction volontaire de jeux), managed by the ANJ through its online service. According to Joueurs Info Service, the ban lasts at least three years. It covers casinos and gaming clubs, ANJ-licensed online sites, and FDJ and PMU games played through a player account. Requests can be made online or by post to the ANJ in Issy-les-Moulineaux. Because FDJ online accounts are open to residents of the archipelago, a ban should apply to those accounts. Its effect on anonymous play in local retail outlets is limited, as it is in mainland France.
Joueurs Info Service, the national gambling support service, offers a helpline on 09 74 75 13 13 and a chat service. The helpline is a mainland French number, so callers from the archipelago may find the chat service more convenient. See also our responsible gambling guide.
Anti-money laundering
French anti-money laundering rules in the Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier, CMF) apply to gambling operators. The ANJ supervises licensed online operators and operators holding exclusive rights, which include FDJ, and works with TRACFIN, the French financial intelligence unit. The ANJ notes that national and European risk assessments rate the gambling sector as high-risk overall. On 8 July 2026 the Commission nationale des sanctions, the national AML sanctions body, issued its first AML sanction in the gambling sector, against a licensed gambling operator, its director and its compliance officer, for failures in the asset-freeze regime and missing internal procedures. The operator is not named. We did not verify how the CMF’s overseas provisions apply to the archipelago in detail.
Recent and upcoming developments
- Online casino legalisation shelved (2024). In October 2024 the government proposed opening and taxing an online casino market through an amendment to the 2025 finance bill. It withdrew the amendment within days, citing concerns from land-based casinos and local authorities (SBC News, 28 October 2024; Bird & Bird). A separate backbench amendment proposing online games for existing casinos was not moved.
- Regulator’s position (2025). In June 2025 the ANJ called for a “highly controlled” approach to any opening, given the addictive nature of online casino games (iGaming Business, 27 June 2025). In June 2026 trade press reported that no new bill had been tabled and that the land-based casino trade body remained strongly opposed (SBC News, 3 June 2026). As of October 2026 the ANJ still states that online casino games are not authorised.
- Overseas casinos (2026). A Senate commission report of June 2026 on a bill adapting overseas law (Senate report No. 674) discussed opening casinos in Saint-Martin. A separate Senate bill filed on 10 June 2026 would widen the casino regime to overseas communes with cultural or tourist appeal (Outremers 360). Neither text addresses Saint Pierre and Miquelon directly.
- AML enforcement (2026). In July 2026 the Commission nationale des sanctions imposed its first AML sanction on a licensed gambling operator, following inspections by the ANJ.
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The listings below are generated automatically from our casino database. They do not show that an operator is licensed in France. Online casino games are not authorised on the French market, which includes Saint Pierre and Miquelon, so the listings must not be read as an indication that playing is lawful. Lawful online gambling is limited to FDJ and to the operators on the ANJ’s list of licensed operators.
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Related country guides
- Canada gambling guide
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- US gambling guide
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Sources and further reading
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Décision n° 2024-PR-109 portant homologation du règlement du jeu Loto (points de vente et en ligne) (2024).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Décision n° 2024-PR-175 portant homologation du règlement général de l’offre de jeux en ligne de La Française des Jeux (2024).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Décision n° 2025-PR-001 portant homologation des conditions générales du PMU (2025).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Offre de jeux et canaux de distribution (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Statut et organisation (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Opérateurs agréés (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Lutter contre l’offre illégale (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Liste noire des sites de jeux d’argent et de hasard interdits en France (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Lutter contre le blanchiment de capitaux (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Autorité nationale des jeux, Lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux : une première sanction de la Commission nationale des sanctions (2026).
- IEDOM, Panorama de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon 2022 (2023).
- IEDOM, Rapport annuel Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon 2021: fiscalité et régime douanier (2022).
- Sénat, commission des lois, Avis n° 114 (2017-2018), tome III: Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, des interrogations sur une évolution institutionnelle (2017).
- Sénat, commission des lois, Adaptation du droit des outre-mer: synthèse du rapport n° 674 (2025-2026) (2026).
- Assemblée nationale, Amendement n° 3 rect. au projet de loi organique portant dispositions statutaires et institutionnelles relatives à l’outre-mer (n° 3404) (2007).
- Assemblée nationale, Amendement n° I-1566 au projet de loi de finances pour 2025 (2024).
- Joueurs Info Service, Interdiction volontaire de jeux (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Joueurs Info Service, Joueurs Info Service: aide et information (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Outremers 360, Sénat : une proposition de loi vise notamment à étendre le régime des casinos aux communes ultramarines à vocation culturelle ou touristique (2026).
- Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador, Memorial University, St. Pierre: 1816 to the Present (accessed 13 October 2026).
- Pollard, J. (SBC News), France postpones Budget amendment on iCasino laws (2024).
- Vuchot, A. and Bettach, S. (Bird & Bird), Towards the legalisation of online casinos in France (2024).
- Cook, D. (iGaming Business), ANJ calls for ‘highly controlled approach’ to regulating iGaming in France (2025).
- Orme-Claye, T. (SBC News), French Prime Minister proposes veteran civil servant for gambling top job (2026).
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